During injection a wheal, or raised blister-like area, forms on the skin surface as the solution is injected. Drug once reaches to the muscles, absorbs into the blood. Our understanding of drug transport across tissues has increased. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth (topical dosage forms are considered separately). Monica May Lopez September 06, 2016 Common Routes of Drug Administration ROUTE BIOAVAILABILITY ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES DRUGS Parenteral Routes Intravenous bolus (IV) Complete (100%) systemic drug Drug is given for immediate Increased chance for adverse Heparin Na (Heprin) absorption. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Drug Administration - Explore from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. Transdermal route has some advantages over other drug administration routes. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. The key features of various routes are discussed here (see Table 2-1). Using this route might cause nerve or . 1. There is also less time and manipulation required for the pharmacy to reconstitute the medication and less time involved for the nurse to administer it. Many drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules, tablets, or chewable tablets. In this video, you will be going to learn about the Advantages & Disadvantages of the Intramuscular Route of Drug Administration.SUBSCRIBE to our YouTube cha. Parenteral route. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of intramuscular (IM) drug administration (1, 6) Injection into a muscle . •However, most drugs are usually absorbed from the small intestine. For a more detailed description of the specific methodology involved in drug administration, the references at the end of this chapter include several excellent resources on this topic . •However, most drugs are usually absorbed from the small intestine. The common parenteral routes are intramus-cular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and intrave-nous (IV). These include avoidance of first pass . Description. (1) Oral (a) Most convenient, & most acceptable. Advantages. (NCI Thesaurus) Definition 2. 1. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 1. Pain at the site of injection. However, recent approvals (bortezomib, omacetaxine, trastuzumab) seem to show a renewed interest in this route of administration. The volume used is 3 ml. reaction. Parenteral Route (Injection). The IM route of drug administration has definite advantages compared with oral administration; however, compared with the inhalation and IV routes, IM fares poorly. Route Advantages Disadvantages Oral Most convenient Usually least expensive Safe, does not break . The drug will be absorbed from this depot into the dermis. Parenteral administration requires an This form of administration . Depot and slow release preparations 3. Drug Administration - Explore from the MSD Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. 6. Advantages: Absorption is rapid than subcutaneous route. Intramuscular Disadvantages. Figure 5 Injectable Route of Administration 2. topical, inhalation For chronic pain management, special devices, including pumps, are used. Each route of administration has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Administration of a substance in the form of a gas, aerosol, or fine powder via the respiratory tract, usually by oral or nasal inhalation, for local or systemic effect. 7. Pain and wounds: This route can induce pain during the injection; also, frequent injections can cause wounds or abscesses. Emergency/routine use. Very rapid absorption of drugs in aqueous solution 2. Once the drug is injected, its action cannot be halted and the drug cannot be removed by various methods like forced emesis or binding of charcoal (activated) as introduction of any particulate matter or any other substance can lead to fatal embolism . Intrathecal route of drug administration is well established in anesthesia and pain management. 2-Intramuscular route: It is a common route, more rapid than subcutaneous . There are advantages and drawbacks when using this method of medication administration: • Drugs have a more rapid action, but shorter duration. Disadvantages of intramuscular route of drug administration The intramuscular route is painful and there may be an abscess at the . BP) and the drug short acting (e.g. The routes are: 1. When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified. By swallowing. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. B. Sublingual Route 3. (d) Delivery of drug into circulation is slow, […] Intramuscular injections can be futile if the exact site where it is administered is not conducive to the ready absorption of the drug. Absorption is anyway poor with intramuscular injections, especially when you compare with intravenous injections, so wrong choice of site can easily lead to wastage. Tablets,Capsule,Powder,Emulsion etc Advantages in such We can administer and monitor our self wit. (b) Used for local as well as systemic actions of drugs (c) Dosage forms do not require sterile techniques for administration. [2] It is one of the most common . A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Much like IM injections, SC injections need similar absorption. . Enteral or Alimentary routes: • (a) Sublingual or Buccal, beneath the tongue. Disadvantages: Increased risk of overdose, infection, and arterial damage. IM administration is a parenteral technique that maintains several advantages over enteral techniques, making it potentially useful in the management of pain and anxiety. various routes for drug administration are parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous), oral, nasal, ocular, transmucosal (buccal, vaginal, and rectal), and . Oral (by mouth) Intramuscular (IM) injection (into a muscle) Subcutaneous (SC) injection (under the skin) Intrathecal Therapy (within the spinal canal) Also to know, what is the most common route of drug administration? Other Routes. These advantages include safety, good patient compliance, ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, and versatility to accommodate various types of drugs (Sastry et al., 2000). It is well-recognized that the route of administration is a critical determinant of the final pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics as well as toxicity of pharmacological agents ().Intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) and oral routes are the main paths of drug administration in laboratory animals, with each offering advantages and disadvantages depending on . Both the advantage and disadvantage to IV injections lies in the almost instant absorption of the drug into the vascular system. • 2. Definition of Inhalation Route of Drug Administration. Oral Route •For drugs administered orally, absorption may begin in the mouth and stomach. Active Enhancement Methods for Intra-and Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Review. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. 3. Obviously, a substance must be transported from the site of entry to the part of the body where its action is desired to take place (even if this only means . . Inhalation Route of Drug Administration is from the group. Parental medication administration utilizes intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections to deliver medication. Routes of Drug Administration . Subcutaneous. it is not only more painful but it also provides slower and more erratic absorption than subcutaneous administration. Describe subcutaneous and intramuscular route of parenteral drug administration: ( Par - beyond, enteral - intestinal) Routes of drug administration other than oral route are known as parenteral route. Topical or External Application 2. Buccal Route 4. Table 1: Pros and cons of different routes of drug administration Route Advantages Disadvantages Oral • Easy . 1. Routes of drug administration can be classified as follows: . During the past 20 years, advances in drug formulations and innovative routes of administration have been made. These changes have often resulted in improved patient adherence to the therapeutic regimen and pharmacologic response. 2. Comparative studies of SC versus IV, IM versus IV, or IM versus SC have been sporadically conducted, and some new findings are completely different from the dosage recommendation as described in prescribing information. INTRODUCTION. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. Parenteral Route • a) Injection - * Subcutaneous (SC) - Beneath the skin. 23. Disadvantages: - 1-I.V fluids are aqueous solutions only, suspension can not be given . 3. Start studying Advantages and Disadvantages of Different routes of administration. irritant to be given by other route as : Anti cancer drugs. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. •The drug passes through the intestinal wall and travels to the liver before being transported via the bloodstream to its target site. But, unwanted side effects also occur quickly and more noticeably when drugs are administered via the IV route. Each route has specific purposes, advantages, and disadvantages. The results obtained confirm the possibility of protection of exposed populations after annual administration of an appropriate single oral dose, without inducing any clinical or laboratory adverse effects. 1. Intramuscular Subcutaneous Intra-arterial Intra-articular Intrathecal Intradermal. These include avoidance of first pass . Risky route: This route is risky as once the drug is given, it cannot be retrieved back or stopped easily. Can be Ineffective. Oral Route •For drugs administered orally, absorption may begin in the mouth and stomach. Following are some major benefits or advantages of the oral route, Oral administration is cheapest route 2. Intramuscular (IM) administration is not recommended . One big advantage with this route is—in case response is accurately measurable (e.g. Each route has several variations, and each offers distinct advantages and disadvantages. Site of action of the drug—local or systemic. 5. S. HEMED 31 18 Votes) The oral administration route is preferred over the various other administration routes of drug delivery due to the many advantages it exhibits. . Each route has specific purposes, advantages, and disadvantages. Intramuscular route: Intramuscular route might be applied to the buttock, thigh and deltoid. Intracardiac Route of Administration Definition 1. IV, IM, SC • Other - E.g. Transdermal route has some advantages over other drug administration routes. The needle may puncture a small blood vessel and cause bruising of the skin. Systemic Routes: It can be classified into two routes; • 1. For this route of administration, 0.1 ml of solution is the maximum volume that can be administered. Box 1 outlines the advantages and disadvantages of parenteral routes. It is convenient route in administering drugs in animals that are difficult to restrain. disadvantages of capsulessum of array in java without using loop. This refers to administration by injection which takes the drug directly into the tissue fluid or blood without having to cross the intestinal mucosa and subsequently liver. Oily preparations can be used. might expected from their administration be able to describe the biopharmaceutically relevant advantages and disadvantages of various routes of drug administration . Each route has specific purposes, advantages, and disadvantages. . For anesthesia and acute postoperative pain management, drugs are usually administered by lumbar puncture. Route # 1. Types Advantages Routes of Administration, Disadvantage Routes of Drugs Administration ENTERAL It involves drug administration via alimentary tract. The same drug administered via a certain route 1. may be therapeutic 2. Parenteral administration refers to any non-oral means of medicine administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. . Figure 7.7.1 Typical Plot of Cp versus Time after Intramuscular Administration This page was last modified: Wednesday 26 May 2010 at 08:50 AM . Disadvantages of intravenous route of drug administration. 4. of various Routes of Administration • Understand the advantages and disadvantage of various Routes of Administration from a PK point of view Routes of Administration • Enteral - To do with Gastrointestinal (GI) tract - E.g. Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. Intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) and oral routes are the main paths of drug administration in lab- Parenteral. It is well-recognized that the route of administration is a crit-ical determinant of the final pharmacokinetics, pharmacody-namics as well as toxicity of pharmacological agents (1). Oral route. Drug- and patient-related factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. 1. Intramuscular:- In this route of administration the drug is given into the muscles with the help of injection. A variety of therapeutic substances can be delivered by . (1) Oral (a) Most convenient, & most acceptable. This is the most frequently used route of drug administration and is the most convenient and economic. The product, by either route of administration, has a prolonged efficacy in iodine-deficient subjects (im: 2-3 years/oral: 1 year). These advantages include safety, good patient compliance, ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, and versatility to accommodate various types of drugs (Sastry et al., 2000). sodium nitroprusside), titration of the dose with the response is possible. Study Routes Of Drug Administration flashcards from Dexter 102's class online, or in . 4.6/5 (1,633 Views . It is convenient route in administering drugs in animals that are difficult to restrain. This route of administration is used for drugs that are gases (for example, some anesthetics) or those that can be . Intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) and oral routes are the main paths of drug administration in lab- Active Enhancement Methods for Intra-and Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Review. 24. The total dose administered over a 3 day period is 0.24 . Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Disadvantages:-Drugs or vehicles may cause peritonitis-Damage to organs by needles-Injection into organs . Benefits of Oral Route. These routes may be selected when the drug is poorly absorbed from the gut or inactivated by digestive enzymes or metabolized during its passage through liver or if the patient is unable to take or tolerate oral medication or if a rapid . Answer to Solved Between injection sites such as IV, intramuscular, Science; Nursing; Nursing questions and answers; Between injection sites such as IV, intramuscular, and subcutaneous, what do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of this route of drug administration? 290 Memorial Drive, Sydney Mines | (902) 736-1211 The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. This article throws light upon the three main routes of drug administration. . Parenteral Route of Administration and Dosage Forms. Routes Of Drug Administration 1. . It is well-recognized that the route of administration is a crit-ical determinant of the final pharmacokinetics, pharmacody-namics as well as toxicity of pharmacological agents (1). It is well-recognized that the route of administration is a critical determinant of the final pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics as well as toxicity of pharmacological agents ().Intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), intraperitoneal (IP) and oral routes are the main paths of drug administration in laboratory animals, with each offering advantages and disadvantages depending on specific goal(s . Only highly soluble drugs are used. Absorption is more rapid than following subcutaneous injection (soluble preparations are absorbed within 10-30 min). Table of Contents: Routes of drug administration. . A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.. Dr. Finnes: One of the biggest advantages is patient convenience; less chair time is required for a patient to receive chemotherapy. 3-It is not safe route thus the drug must be given slowly. Intramuscular. The dose of the drug required is smallest (bioavailability is 100%) and even large volumes can be infused. Differences in presystemic elimination are a cause of variation in drug effect between patients. By passes liver . The term parenteral means administration by any route other than the enteral—or gastrointestinal—tract. . This route is useful if patients cant take drugs orally or with young children ( example . Major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others. In this guide, we summarise the most common routes used to administer drugs, the advantages and disadvantages of each drug route and examples of dosage forms that are used to deliver the active drug to the intended site of action in the body. Answer (1 of 7): Oral route is way safer than other routes of administration There are various forms available for delivering oral depending upon the composition and bio availability of the drug. Rarely, abscesses can form at the site of injection. The administration of drugs by transdermal or transmucosal routes offers the advantage of being . For systemic effect Advantages are convenience and acceptability. Irritative substances might be given; Slow releasing drugs can be given by this route. Disadvantage intramuscular injections Break skin barrier Can produce anxiety Injections can be painful. I. Ultimately, with subcutaneous administration of chemotherapy . Gastrointestinal route: a) Oral route - This is the most common and easiest route of administration where drugs are given by mouth. This drug is administered by intramuscular route as an oil solution because it is much more soluble in oil than in water. The factors are: 1. Oral Route 2. 5. . Intramuscular route of drug administration: The intramuscular route is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. Classification of routes of drug administration • A. Condition of the patient (unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea). Inhalation: This route is typically used for drugs that are gaseous, or for medications that can be given in aerosol, such as an asthma pump. •The drug passes through the intestinal wall and travels to the liver before being transported via the bloodstream to its target site. • * Intracutaneous (IC) - inside . Self administration is difficult. Advantages are that the route is reliable and is . 3. Administration within the heart. Less has been devoted to the potential of subcutaneous administration as a parenteral alternative. Disadvantages. Oral or Enteral Route 3. intramuscular •Good absorption, especially for drugs with a low . 2. Disadvantages of the intramuscular route of drug administration: The major advantage of the intramuscular route of drug administration is that intramuscular injection is futile if the precise site wherever it's administered isn't conducive to the ready absorption of the drug. 2. oral, buccal, rectal • Parenteral - Not enteral - E.g. However, some drugs . Types Advantages Routes of Administration, Disadvantage Routes of Drugs Administration ENTERAL It involves drug administration via alimentary tract. Start studying Routes of drug administration. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. It has a reduced first pass effect . Disadvantages of sublingual route of drug administration:-unpalatable drugs (bad-tasting drugs) cannot be used . (Food and Drug Administration/CDISC) 2. (b) Used for local as well as systemic actions of drugs (c) Dosage forms do not require sterile techniques for administration. Muscles are highly vascularized thus, the drug could be absorbed hematologenously or through the lymphatic fluid. Intramuscular injection is the method of installing medications into the depth of the bulk of specifically selected muscles. Routes of Administration A. . The oral administration route is preferred over the various other administration routes of drug delivery due to the many advantages it exhibits. Disadvantages are that absorption may be delayed, reduced or even enhanced after food or slow or irregular after drugs that inhibit gut motility (antimuscarinic, opioid). This route of drug administration is slower to take effect than IV, but also has reduced risks. Characteristics of the drug. However, the IM route pales in comparison with other parenteral methods of administration, especially the inhalation and IV routes. Trained person is required for medication. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC) and IV. 7. Appropriate administration route depends on 1. the available dosage form of the drug 2. the patient's age 3. the patient's condition, e.g., level of consciousness, etc. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are IV, IM, and SC, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Concept refers both to administration into myocardium and within a chamber of the heart. Dosage forms administered orally include tablets, capsules . (d) Delivery of drug into circulation is slow, […] Nov 22, 2007 NCI Thesaurus v.07.09d. Disadvantages are that the route is not acceptable for self-administration, it may be painful, and if any adverse effects occur to a depot formulation, it cannot be removed. Disadvantages of this route: 1. Parenteral route refers to any route other than gastrointestinal, but is commonly used to indicate subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. Disadvantages of intramuscular route of drug administration. [1] The basis of this process is that the bulky muscles have good vascularity, and therefore the injected drug quickly reaches the systemic circulation and thereafter into the specific region of action, bypassing the first-pass metabolism. The routes of drug administration can be classified into three categories: enteral, parenteral, and percutaneous. administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. 3. 3. Background: Intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) are the three most frequently used injection routes in medication administration. Administration of a drug within the heart. It is used in administering aqueous or oleaginous suspensions or solutions. A drug user may turn to injection of a drug into a person's muscle, which is known as intramuscular (IM) injection, and injection of a drug under the skin, known as subcutaneous (SQ/SC) injection . Drug administration methods. Muscles are highly vascularized thus, the drug could be absorbed hematologenously or through the lymphatic fluid. Rate of bioavailability effect. It is used in administering aqueous or oleaginous suspensions or solutions. Desired effects, such as being able to evaluate fluorescein flow through the eye, happen quickly. Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. Topical Routes of Administration Topical administration is the application of a drug directly to the surface of the skin Includes administration of drugs to any mucous membrane eye - vagina nose - urethra ears - colon lungs. All anticancer agents given subcutaneously display a very high bioavailability (>80%) and are rapidly absorbed . As ordinarily used, the term parenteral route refers to intradermal, subcutaneous (subcut), intramuscular (IM), or . What are the advantages and disadvantages of oral drug administration (4, 4) Most common method Advantages: 1) easy, non-invasive, safe . 06/14/17 HEMED. The oral route of administration is one of the most commonly used routes for drug administration and in this route drugs are in the form of a tablet, capsule, pills, syrup or suspension and are taken by mouth. • Doses are smaller as the drug potency is stronger. Oral administration. Intravenous (IV) administration is the standard route in the hospital setting, and it has the advantage of rapid onset of action. It is a painful method. A. Enteral Routes: The drug may be swallowed, allowing oral delivery, or it may be placed under the tongue (sublingual) or between the gums and cheek (buccal), facilitating direct absorption into the bloodstream. • (b) Oral-through the mouth • (c) Rectal - Administer through the rectum. Topical or External Application: The drugs administration by this route generally affects to the part to which they are applied.
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