Unit- 4: Drugs Acting on Different Body Systems. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Mark Fleming Last modified by: Maggie Bray Created Date: 9/13/2001 2:32:41 PM Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company: NIDA Other titles: Containing a series of in-depth/mini reviews, original research articles, drug clinical trial studies and guest edited thematic issues written by leaders in the field covering a . Brian Piper. For a more extensive list of side effects . M.K.Soltan. Recommended. 2. 4. 15. Mechanism of Action of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Drugs: Baclofen. Explain why Carbidopa is used in combination with Levodopa 2). 2. . constrict blood . Opioid analgesics. AUTACOIDS. Types of Central nervous system agents D. Most CNS drugs affect synaptic potential by activating or inhibiting NA+/K+ ATPase. react-native eslint rules; calabash south africa; wales bonner adidas blue; classification of drugs in pharmacology slideshare. Antidepressants, Nootropic drugs and CNS Stimulants. Sources of drugs. The effect can be both direct and/ or indirect. Drugs acting on Respiratory System (Bromhexaine). (a) Sedation and Hypnosis: The long and intermediate acting barbiturates are used for sedation and hypnosis. cns drugs 1.1 cns depressant drugs 1.2 cns stimulant drugs 1.3 antiparkinsonian drugs 1.4 narcotic drugs 7 f cns depressant drugs a. sedatives and hypnotics b. anticonvulsant drugs c. major tranquilizers (neuroleptics) d. minor tranquilizers (anxiolytics) e. central skeletal muscle relaxants 8 f a. sedatives and hypnotics hypnotics are … It is also responsible for considerable (potentially preventable) disability from stroke, heart and renal failure. The studies found a link between crime and addiction. Balanced anesthesia: • is a term used to describe the multidrug approach to managing the patient's anesthetic needs. An early view of the ANS described it as being sepa- rate from the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates sensory information in the brain and spinal cord. The 4th semester of B.Pharm's pharmacognosy and phytochemistry I (BP405T) subject contains the following syllabus issued by the Pharmacy Council of India: UNIT-I. CHOLINERGIC DRUGS 2. Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design for the discovery of new central nervous system agents.. . action or the effect that they produce on the electrocardiogram, Table 1. PHARMACOLOGY. Soluble receptors 1.4. The concept of medical prescription, dosage forms, medicinal raw materials, substances, drugs. Adrenomimetics and adrenoblocers.ppt - Adrenotropic drugs (adrenomimetics, adrenoblockers) НА НА Adrenergic drugs medical substances which act in . Editor. These may be enzyme linked, Ca linked or g-protein linked. Dosage forms and their classification. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. 1. dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan . They suppress central nervous system activity and are effective anxiolytics, antiepileptics, sedatives and hypnotics. They exist in natural form. Narcotic analgesics principally act on the sigma and mu receptors in the body to decrease the patient's perception of pain. Anabolic Steroids! 3). Most drugs that act on the CNS do so by changing ion flow through transmembrane channels of nerve cells CNS PHARMACOLOGY. Objectives. The types of pharmacological actions of drugs 1.1. Classification of Drugs. Neuro-cognitive deficits, neuronal injury, and neurodegeneration are well documented in alcoholics, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY. They are also called as atropine-like drugs. c.Mixed acting: These drugs act both directly and indirectly. The central nervous systemagents have the largest amount of sub-classifications in this pharmacology section. Drugs That Act In The Central Nervous System Claiddin Bangalisan. Drug categories. 2 The situation is made worse by the time taken to bring a new medicine to market (10-12 years to 12-16 years for CNS drugs), the high cost of bringing a new medicine to market ($0.8-1.7 billion), and the imminent . As always, compare this list with the one in your textbook or class handouts and make any adjustments. Sympathomimetic drugs, also known as adrenergic agonists, mimic the action of the stimulators (α, β, or dopamine. Sedative and hypnotics . Alcohol interacts with the brain receptors, interfering with the communication between nerve cells, and suppressing excitatory nerve pathway activity. Keynote Address/ Lecture /PPT; Photo Gallery; SC/ST Cell; A very few agents such as general anesthetics and alcohol may have nonspecific actions on membranes, but even these non-receptor-mediated actions result in demonstrable alterations in synaptic transmission. Department of Pharmacology . P A R T Drugs Acting on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems 4 19 Introduction to Nerves and the Nervous System 299 20 Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Agents 310 21 Antidepressant Agents 324 22 Psychotherapeutic Agents 341 23 Antiseizure Agents 359 24 Antiparkinsonism Agents 379 25 Muscle Relaxants 392 26 Narcotics, Narcotic Antagonists, and Antimigraine Agents 405 27 General and Local . A drug-induced EPSP usually makes the membrane potential less negative. 5). Anatomical classification of ANS: Sympathetic nervous system (thoracic lumber). Antihistamines. NEUROLEPTIC DRUGS 5. Short-term and long-term effects of drugs at receptors 1.3. Drugs Affecting Cardiac and Renal Systems Jan Bazner-Chandler MSN, CNS, C-PNP, RN Indications First line drugs used to treat Angina Hypertension Supraventricular . Drugs acting on somatic nervous system: Local anaesthetics, muscle relaxants. Central nervous system stimulants used for attention deficit disorder, narcolepsy or excessive sleepiness include the amphetamines, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, modafinil, armodafinil, pitolisant and solriamfetol. Drugs can be categorised by the way in which they affect our bodies: depressants - slow down the function of the central nervous system; hallucinogens - affect your senses and change the way you see, hear, taste, smell or feel things; stimulants - speed up the function of the central nervous system. Uploaded on Oct 18, 2012. INTRODUCTION TO CNS. An IPSP may be produced by drugs that cause opening of Cl- channels. They are classified according to their duration of action; short-, medium- or long-acting. POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS FOR DOWNLOAD. Small doses may have GABA like action. Transduction: The target molecules where the drugs act are linked with various biochemical reactions in the cells, resulting ultimately in response. The first legislative Act gave a legal basis to the War on Drugs. problems, depression, symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia, formication . Drugs acting on CVS (Digitoxin, Digoxin). Write a note on SSRIs. 4. Antihypertensive Drugs Assoc. Types of prescription forms (1 and 3). Prescription: the structure and rules of prescribing drugs for adults and children. A very few agents such as general anesthetics and alcohol may have nonspecific actions on membranes, but even these non-receptor-mediated actions result in demonstrable alterations in synaptic transmission. It is orally active GABA-mimetic drug àwhich acts as a GABA agonist at GABA B receptors; The GABA B receptors are G-protein coupled receptors à which hyperpolarize neurons by increasing K+ conductance & reduce Ca +2 conductance; Its actions àresults from an action at spinal level where it inhibits both monosynaptic . Professional boxers (& other high impact sports) and chronic alcoholics hasten the effects of aging on the brain. HYPERTENSION is the strongest modi- fiable risk factor for coronary heart disease. Current recreational drugs: RX462 Drug Abuse & Society, Spring 2015 Class pre. Drugs acting on CNS-Central analgesics- Opium CNS stimulants- Coffee Analeptics- Nux Vomica, Lobelia, Camphor CNS depressants- Hyoscymus, Belladona, Opium Hallucinogenics-cannabis,Poppy Latex 6. Hypnotics. 1). Pharmacology classification of drugs is known as schedules. Act on CNS to slow down neural activity. System- CNS, CVS , etc. Classification of crude drugs •Crude drug i.e Simple drug •Crude drugs are plant, animal or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse/ longitudinal slices pieces or peeling them in some cases. (PDF) Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System ( CNS) Presentation PDF Available Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System ( CNS) March 2019 Authors: Yaareb Mousa University of Mosul Download. They depress the polysynaptic responses and thus delay the synaptic recovery. Pharmacological Classification of Drugs First Edition 5) •centrally acting adrenergic drugs clonidine (generic, catapres) • α-methyl dopa 6) •vasodilators hydralazine (generic, apresoline) • minoxidil (loniten) 7) •β-blockers . Non-narcotic agents reduce the level of prostaglandin synthesis to decrease the inflammatory response. Pain relievers with an origin similar to that of heroin. In this sense, different benzodiazepine drugs have been composed that act on the different subunits of GABA receptors. May 2022. by ; 0 Comments; streeteasy sheepshead bay; The individual agents discussed . COX inhibitors. Introduction to CNS pharmacology. 1) DRUGS OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Classification of Anticholinergic Drugs: (A) On the Basis of Source: (B) On the Basis of Mode of Action: Sources and Chemistry of Anticholinergic Drugs: Atropine is obtained from Atropa […] Class I drugs are generally local anesthetics that act on membranes to depress the maximal rate of depolarization, i.e., that slow down the conduction of the impulse. Uploaded on Sep 20, 2014. Pepper Taylor. ADVERTISEMENTS: These drugs block muscarinic receptors only. fTypes of Neurotic Poisons The poisons of this group have specific action on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves ,the poisons being known as cerebral, spinal and peripheral . Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system-Adrenergic- Ephedra Cholinergic- Physostigma, Pilocarpus Anticholinergics- Belladona, Datura 5. Direct acting: They act directly by stimulating adrenergic receptors. By acting on the brain regions produce sedative effects, Hypnotic , Anxiolytics and anticonvulsants. Classification of asthma No daily Short acting . Drugs acting on autonomic nervous system-Adrenergic- Ephedra Cholinergic- Physostigma, Pilocarpus Anticholinergics- Belladona, Datura 5. Antiparkinsonian drugs. Common benzos include Valium, Xanax, and Ativan. Unit-3: Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System. Classify antipsychotic agent and write a note on atypical antipsychotic agents. CNS depressants . Benzodiazepines are highly effective in treating anxiety and insomnia due to the sleep-inducing, sedative . Barbiturates act as positive allosteric modulators of GABA A receptors to enhance the action of neuroinhibitory GABA. The PowerPoint PPT presentation: "Classification of Drugs" is the . 3. Enumerate the chemical synthesis of selected drugs marked with asterisk. When the drug effect occurs in immediate vicinity of application, this is known as local effect. PHARMACOLOGY. Photo courtesy of NIDA. Drug hangover: Hypnotic doses of barbiturates produce a feeling of tiredness well after the patient wakes. ANXIOLYTIC, HYPNOTIC & SEDATIVE DRUGS 6. Based on Pharmacological Effect - Based on the action of drugs on our body, they are classified based on their therapeutic actions. Sometimes called "benzos," benzodiazepines are central nervous system depressants that are prescribed to treat anxiety, sleep disorders, convulsions, and other acute stress reactions. However, since catecholamine depletion takes some time to develop, reserpine-like drugs must be given several hours to days . on drug abuse and addiction. They are classified according to their duration of action; short-, medium- or long-acting. Pharmacological Classification of Drugs with Doses and Preparations PDF Free Download. For example, antipsychotics or other drugs acting on the central nervous system are a class that is frequently suggested for repurposing to new indications. 2. To describe the definition, classification, mechanism of action, structure, chemistry and therapeutic value of drugs acting on Central Nervous System. Second-generation antihistamines do not cross into the brain as easily as the first-generation drugs and are, therefore, less likely to have CNS side . 1. Introduction to Pharmacognosy; Classification of drugs; UNIT-II Drug Interactions. C. An IPSP may be produced by drugs that cause opening of K+ channels. Antiepileptic drugs. Barbiturates act as positive allosteric modulators of GABA A receptors to enhance the action of neuroinhibitory GABA. Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system; Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I Notes & Books PDF Download. Transcript. b.Indirect acting: They act by releasing NA from adrenergic nerve endings. Anatomical features of CNS: Anatomical features of CNS: 1. Antidepressants, Nootropic drugs and CNS Stimulants. Cerebellum +Pons equilibrium and coordination of movement. 1990 Anabolic Steroid Control Act! • GAs are administered by inhalation or by intravenous routes. So, the government launched studies. B. Sedative & Hypnotic Drugs Part II Brian Piper. 2. •Crude drugs may be derived from various natural That's why, it is more appropriate to term them as anti-muscarinic agents. CNS stimulants are associated with a number of severe and undesirable side effects such as: Depersonalization (a feeling that you are an observer of yourself) In addition, a dry mouth, unpleasant taste in the mouth, or gastrointestinal disturbances ( nausea, diarrhea, or constipation) may also occur. cause a drug/food interaction • Inhibited by class of antidepressants called MAO inhibitors (Inhibition of MAO isoforms in the CNS also effects levels of serotonin - Tranylcypromine) These drugs can cause severe or fatal drug/drug interactions with drugs that increase release of catecholamines or inhibit their reuptake in nerve terminals ANAESTHETICS 8. Drugs acting on CNS-Central analgesics- Opium CNS stimulants- Coffee Analeptics- Nux Vomica, Lobelia, Camphor CNS depressants- Hyoscymus, Belladona, Opium Hallucinogenics-cannabis,Poppy Latex 6. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and . Sympathomimetics ( adrenergic agents ) ( adrenomimetics ). 14. Medical University - Sofia. Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System. Classify drugs used in Parkinsonism. ADRENERGIC DRUGS 4 5 2) DRUGS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 3. Antiepileptic drugs. Anita Q. Sangalang, MD, FPOGS FACULTY OF PHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS CNS PHARMACOLOGY. 16. Neuroleptics and Anxiolytics. Many of them are also animated. INTRODUCTION Nearly all drugs with CNS effects act on specific receptors that modulate synaptic transmission. Drug action via indirect alteration of the effect of an endogenous agonist 1.5. meaning of life and faith shabeel pn. These drugs can also bind with the receptors to stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. - Requires the use of anesthetic drugs and/or adjunctive agents, such as neuromuscular blocking drugs, opioids, etc. DRUGS ACTING ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This unit dwells in Correctly identify the different classes of drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system (autonomic drugs),Discuss the effects and therapeutic uses of various drugs, Identify side effects and contraindications of commonly used autonomic drugs and Prescribe autonomic drugs in clinical practice rationally. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 7fe120-NWUzN Especially - CNS on the brake neurons. . Drugs can be classified mainly based on the following criteria: Pharmacological Effect. Icons/ic_24_facebook_dark. Joanne I. Moore Ph.D. 2 . Analeptics and other CNS stimulants. DRUGS ACTING ON AUTONOMIC AND SOMATIC PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The Benzodiazepines Are psychotropic drugs that act directly on the central nervous system. These drugs are further sub-classified into three groups based on their effect on the length of the action 3. Local Effect. Adrenergic drugs can help do the following: increase blood pressure. It is more accurate to say that the ANS carries out tasks that originate in the CNS (Blessing & Gibbins, 2008), but in some instances it acts more or less autonomously in doing so. It is derived from tyrosine and is the precursor to norepinephrine and epinephrine. Drugs Acting On Autonomic Nervous System Ppt 1/4 [DOC] Drugs Acting On Autonomic Nervous System Ppt . Slide 1-. or the angiotensin receptor results in lowering of blood pressure, reflecting the clinical effect of drugs acting on these targets. Instead, the year 2000 marked the start of a slowdown in new drug and biologic submissions to regulatory agencies worldwide. Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System. Drug Action. Antiparkinsonian drugs. Classify anti-parkinsonian drugs. prescribing rules and dispensing of drugs procedure". Direct-acting adrenergic Direct-acting adrenergic agonists agonists These drugs act directly on α and . Sedative & Hypnotic Agents Part I Brian Piper. 4). • Testosterone is rapidly degraded in the liver! β 1 Postsynaptic effector cells, . Drug action via a direct effect on a receptor 1.2. DRUGS USED TO TREAT EPILEPSY 10. Dr. MUSTAFA A. ALSHAGGA CUCMS - Faculty of Pharmacy. Dopamine One of the catecholamine neurotransmitters in the brain. A stimulant drug chemically related to amphetamine but with stronger effects on the central nervous system. 2 MAJOR TYPES OF ION CHANNEL VOLTAGE-GATED ION CHANNELS Respond to changes in membrane potential Concentrated on the axons of nerve cells CNS . Some books will divide these drugs into first-generation and second-generation H 1 antihistamines, or into sedating versus nonsedating groups. DRUGS USED TO TREAT PARKINSONISM 9. As a result, the War on Drugs began. Direct-acting cholinoceptor agonists are classified pharmacologically by the type of receptor—muscarinic or nicotinic—that is activated (Figure 5-1).Direct-acting agonists' physiologic effects are the result of their interaction with either the muscarinic or nicotinic receptors.Indirect-acting agonists are classified as such because they inhibit the hydrolysis and inactivation of . Pharmacology Lecture Notes PPT - set 5. CNS: Barbiturates cause drowsiness, impaired concentration, The CNS depressant effects of barbiturates synergize with those of ethanol. Sedative hypnotics: drugs that can act in the body either as a sedative or hypnotic Parasympathetic nervous system (craniosacral). • Amended the Substance Control Act! 167, 172, 175 Why should this class come up . • For clinical usefulness:! Hypnotics. respiratory and cardiovascular centers. Via a program of reviews and original research articles, the journal addresses major issues relating to drug therapy of these disorders, including the pharmacology, efficacy and adverse effects . • Added certain precursors (like androstenedione) to the list of substances! Medulla oblongata contains the vital center, e.g. E. INTRODUCTION TO CNS. These drugs can slow brain activity, making them useful for treating anxiety, panic, acute stress reactions, and sleep disorders. Drugs Acting on Eye, Respiratory System and Miscellaneous Drugs. CNS STIMULANTS 4. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. 12. cough centers in CNS • to peripheral stimuli and decreases mucosal secretion. 11. Anxiolytic: drug that reduce anxiety Sedatives: drugs that have an inhibitory effect on the CNS; reduce nervousness, excitability and irritability without causing sleep Hypnotics: drugs that have more potent effects than sedatives; cause sleep. Through a series of eye catching charts, the 5th edition of Pharmacological Classification of Drugs, with Doses and Preparations presents a systematized and updated listing of easy to remember drug classifications, which are also therapeutically meaningful.lt is a useful aid to quickly allocate a drug to its . Drugs acting on GIT (Omeprazole, Kaoline, Sulphadimidine). A. Locally Acting Drugs. 3.On the basis of their therapeutic use: a.To raise the blood pressure in shock: Dopamine, noradrenaline, ephedrine, phenylephrine, The main psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical in marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. COX inhibitors. Despite this, usually, hypertension . Drugs Acting on Respiratory . Discuss about Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) studies of these drugs. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TARGET ORGAN Drugs acting on CNS (Diazepam, Phenobarbitone). Drug Treatment of Glaucoma. Chemical Structure. In the 1960s, crime and drug use spiked quickly. 1. Molecular Targets. drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous system. Anita Q. Sangalang, MD, FPOGS FACULTY OF PHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS CNS PHARMACOLOGY. This drug hangover may lead to impaired ability to function normally for many hours after waking. Neuroleptics and Anxiolytics. Drugs Acting on Digestive System. - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 102d32-ZDc1Z . Prof. Ivan Lambev (www.medpharm-sofia.eu) Slide 2-. Drug action via enzyme . Drug action via inhibition of transport processes 1.6. Central Nervous System (CNS) depressants are medicines that include sedatives, tranquilizers, and hypnotics. • Both promote the effectiveness of GABA receptors in the CNS - Benzodiazepines promote only - Barbiturates promote and (at high doses) stimulate GABA receptors • GABA = chief CNS inhibitory neurotransmitter - Promotes hyperpolarization via ⇑Cl-influx • Both promote the effectiveness of GABA receptors in the CNS Classification of drugs acting on CNS CNS stimulants!
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